Average Temperatures In Rome
- (Average temperature) For summary-of-the-day observations, the average of the maximum and minimum temperatures recorded that day. In some displays, this is rounded off to the nearest degree.
average temperatures
- Used allusively to refer to the Roman Catholic Church
- (roman) relating to or characteristic of people of Rome; “Roman virtues”; “his Roman bearing in adversity”; “a Roman nose”
- The capital of Italy, situated in the west central part of the country, on the Tiber River, about 16 miles (25 km) inland; pop. 2,791,000. According to tradition, the ancient city was founded by Romulus (after whom it is named) in 753 bc on the Palatine Hill; as it grew it spread to the other six hills of Rome (Aventine, Caelian, Capitoline, Esquiline, and Quirinal). Rome was made capital of a unified Italy in 1871
- capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire
- An industrial city in northwestern Georgia, on the Coosa River; pop. 34,980
- the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church
rome
Batumi
Adjara is located in the southwestern corner of Georgia, bordered by Turkey to the south and the eastern end of the Black Sea. Adjara is a home to the Adjar ethnic subgroup of Georgians.
Adjara is also known as Ajara, Adzhara, Ajaria, Adjaria, Adzharia, or as Achara. Formerly Adjara was known as Acara under Ottoman rule and Adjarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Adjar ASSR) under the Soviet Union.
History
Adjara has been part of Colchis and Caucasian Iberia since ancient times. Colonized by Greeks in the 5th century BC, the region fell under Rome in the 2nd century BC. It became part of the region of Egrisi before being incorporated into the unified Georgian Kingdom in the 9th century AD. The Ottomans conquered the area in 1614. The people of Adjara converted to Islam in this period. The Ottomans were forced to cede Adjara to the expanding Russian Empire in 1878.
After a temporary occupation by Turkish and British troops in 1918–1920, Adjara became part of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1920. After a brief military conflict in March 1921, Ankara’s government ceded the territory to Georgia due to Article VI of Treaty of Kars on condition that autonomy is provided for the Muslim population. The Soviet Union established the Adjar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1921 in accord with this clause. Thus, Adjara was still a component part of Georgia, but with considerable local autonomy.
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Adjara became part of a newly independent but politically divided Republic of Georgia. It avoided being dragged into the chaos and civil war that afflicted the rest of the country between 1991–1993 due largely to the authoritarian rule of its leader Aslan Abashidze. Although he successfully maintained order in Adjara and made it one of the country’s most prosperous regions, he was accused of involvement in organised crime—notably large-scale smuggling to fund his government and enrich himself personally—as well as human rights violations.[citation needed] The central government in Tbilisi had very little say in what went on in Adjara; during the presidency of Eduard Shevardnadze, it seemed convenient to turn a blind eye to events in Adjara.
This changed following the Rose Revolution of 2003 when Shevardnadze was deposed in favour of the reformist opposition leader Mikheil Saakashvili, who pledged to crack down on separatism within Georgia. In the spring of 2004, a major crisis in Adjara erupted as the central government sought to reimpose its authority on the region. It threatened to develop into an armed confrontation. However, Saakashvili’s ultimatums and mass protests against Abashidze’s autocratic rule forced the Adjaran leader to resign in May 2004, following which he went into exile in Russia. After Abashidze’s ousting, a new law was introduced to redefine the terms of Adjara’s autonomy. Levan Varshalomidze succeeded Abashidze as the chairman of the government.
For many years, Russia maintained the 12th Military Base (the former 145th Motor Rifle Division) in Batumi.[1] This was a source of great tension with Georgia, which had threatened to block access to the facility. Following talks in March 2005, the Russian government proposed to begin the process of withdrawal later the same year; Russia returned the base to Georgia on November 17, 2007, more than a year ahead of schedule.
In July 2007, the seat of the Georgian Constitutional Court was moved from Tbilisi to Batumi.
Law and government
The status of the Adjaran Autonomous Republic is defined by Georgia’s law on Adjara and the region’s new constitution, adopted following the ousting of Aslan Abashidze. The local legislative body, Supreme Council (parliament) of Adjara consists of 30 members and is elected for four years. The head of the region’s government—the Council of Ministers of Adjara—is nominated by the President of Georgia who also has powers to dissolve the assembly and government and to overrule local authorities on issues where the constitution of Georgia is contravened. Levan Varshalomidze is the current head of the Adjaran government.
Adjara is subdivided into six administrative units:
City of Batumi
District of Keda
District of Kobuleti
District of Khelvachauri
District of Shuakhevi
District of Khulo
Geography and climate
Adjara is located on the south-eastern coast of the Black Sea and extends into the wooded foothills and mountains of the Lesser Caucasus. It has borders with the region of Guria to the north, Samtskhe-Javakheti to the east and Turkey to the south. Most of Adjara’s territory either consists of hills or mountains. The highest mountains rise more than 3,000 meters (9,840 ft) above sea level. Around 60% of Adjara is covered by forests.
Campo Imperatore
The plateau’s altitude ranges from 1500 to 1900 meters. It covers an expanse of approximately 80 km². Campo Imperatore is home to one of Italy’s oldest alpine ski resorts. Located on the plateau’s western edge, the resort began commercial operation in the 1920s and continues to thrive as a ski resort to this day due to its proximity to Rome (132 km or an hour-and-a-half by car). The resort became dictator Benito Mussolini’s prison in August 1943 with his fall from power until he was freed by German commandos in September 1943. On the eastern side of the plateau is a 4 km cross country ski trail, which is maintained by the nearby town of Castel del Monte.
On the southeastern side of Campo Imperatore are medieval hill towns once ruled by the Medicis, Castel Del Monte and Santo Stefano di Sessanio as well as the ruin of one of Europe’s highest fortresses, Rocca Calascio. In spring, summer and fall, shepherds from these neighboring hill towns maintain herds of sheep, "semi-wild" horses, and cattle in the plateau. The pastures are covered with field grasses and meadowland wild flowers. Campo Imperatore is also home to the Alpine Botanical Garden of Campo Imperatore. Founded in 1952, the garden is devoted to cultivation and study of some 300 species indigenous mountainous plants, including rare and endangered plant species, among them Vaccinium gaultherioides, Yellow Gentiana, (Gentiana lutea), Edelweiss of the Apennines (Leontopodium nivale), and Adonis distorta — all plants that have adapted to Campo Imperatore’s unique environment. Campo Imperatore is also the habitat for the Apennine wolf, Apennine wildcat and the Abruzzo chamois. Nearly extinct, the Abruzzo chamois, which naturalists consider one of the most beautiful varieties of chamois, is making a comeback through a joint effort by WWF Italia and the administration of the Gran Sasso National Park. Other species of wildlife include wild boar, foxes, grass snakes, and a wide variety of bird life including golden eagles and peregrine falcons.
Also located on the high plateau, taking advantage of the elevation and absence of man-made light, is the Campo Imperatore Near-Earth Objects Survey (CINEOS), an observatory built in 1951, which forms a branch of the Rome Observatory.
Campo Imperatore has been popular with filmmakers. The location has been used in more than twenty major films, among them The Name of the Rose, Krull, Ladyhawke, Il sole anche di notte, and L’Armata ritorna.
L’altopiano si estende per oltre 15 km di lunghezza e 5 di larghezza, a partire dai 1500m fino ai 2100m di quota, ed è parte del Parco Nazionale del Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga. È soprannominato "piccolo Tibet" per la somiglianza unica, su piccola scala, dei suoi scenari con quelli del vasto altopiano asiatico.
Contornato da cime che raggiungono e superano i 2500m con scenari suggestivi, Campo Imperatore è raggiungibile tramite una moderna funivia da 100 posti che parte da Fonte Cerreto (1150 m s.l.m.) ed impiega soli 7 minuti per raggiungere i 2130m di quota con un dislivello di 997m, oppure tramite una strada molto panoramica, la S.S.17 bis, (chiusa in inverno per neve) che, proseguendo la S.P.86 proveniente dal Passo delle Capannelle, sale da Assergi-Fonte Cerreto, ovvero dall’omonima Uscita Autostradale dell’A24 Roma-Teramo.
Consistenti sono gli accumuli nevosi d’inverno, tra i più cospicui d’Italia, mentre nella parte bassa della piana si raggiungono facilmente temperature di -25 °C. Con i suoi numerosi piccoli laghetti meteorici è inoltre luogo di pascolo e refrigerio estivo per mandrie e greggi dei centri limitrofi come Castel del Monte, Calascio, Santo Stefano di Sessanio, nonché luogo in passato a forte vocazione di transumanza. Buona anche la biodiversità arborea e quella aviforme con presenza di aquile, falchi, gracchi e numerose specie di passeriformi durante il periodo migratorio.
A quota 2117 m ha sede il Giardino Botanico Alpino, dedicato alla coltivazione e allo studio della flora d’elevata altitudine.
A 2130 m sorge lo storico Albergo di Campo Imperatore, dove nel 1943, fu tenuto prigioniero Benito Mussolini, fino alla sua liberazione avvenuta il 12 s
AVERAGE TEMPERATURES IN ROME. IN ROME 
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